AUL LibGuides: Freedom to Serve: The Legacy of Executive Order 9981: Journals and Articles

Articles

How an All-Black Female WWII Unit Saved Morale on the Battlefield by Jennie Rothenberg Gritz
Smithsonian Magazine March 2023
Mutiny at Freeman Army Airfield Helped Spur Military Desegregation by William Flood
Flying Magazine 29 June 2023
After Victory in World War II, Black Veterans Continued the Fight for Freedom at Home by Bryan Greene
Smithsonian Magazine 30 August 2021
Air Force observes integration's 60th anniversary
Air Force News 25 July 2008
Black Americans Who Served in WWII Faced Segregation Abroad and at Home by Alexis Clark
History Channel 5 August 2020
Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of Executive Order 9981: The Beginning of Equal Opportunity Program by Jerald Alexander
Whitman Air Force Base News 11 September 2008
The Chappie James Way by Peter Grier
Air & Space Forces Magazine 30 August 2018
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9981 by Jennifer Dubina
National Museum United States Army
Executive Order 9981, Desegregating the Military by John A. Tirpak.
Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument
The First Five Years of the First 50 by Herman S. Wolk
Air & Space Forces Magazine 1 September 1997
Freeman Field Mutiny: Victory for Integration or Segregation? by Daniel Haulman
Air Power History 63, no. 3 Fall 2016
Harry S Truman and Civil Rights by Rachel S. Cohen.
Harry S Truman National Historic Site
History of integration in the US Armed Services by Lawrence J. Korb
Military Times 13 July 2021
Interview: First black Army secretary on desegregation, the draft, and discrimination.
Military History Magazine 6 February 2018
March to equality: A. Philip Randolph and the desegregation of the military by Kevin Lilley
Military Times 31 January 2017
Military Civil Rights: A Report by Harry Conn
The New Republic 18 October 1952
Part 1: A Pattern of Resistance: The Tuskegee Airmen on Trial by Michael Hankins
Smithsonian Magazine 15 June 2020
Part 2: Mutiny at Freeman Field: The Tuskegee Airmen on Trial by Michael Hankins
Smithsonian Magazine 15 January 2020
Seventy-Five Years Ago, the Military’s Only All-Black Female Band Battled the War Department and Won by Carrie Hagen
Smithsonian Magazine 28 March 2019
Streamlining the Air Arm by Verne Orr
Air & Space Forces Magazine 1 May 1983
Taking Jim Crow out of uniform: A. Philip Randolph and the desegregation of the U.S. military – Special Report: The Integrated Military – 50 Years by Karin Chenoweth
Diverse Issues in Higher Education 11 July 2007
Tension in a Peacetime Society
National World War II Museum 28 January 2022
The Tuskegee Airmen, Heroes of War and Peace by Daniel L. Haulman
Air & Space Forces Magazine 20 January 2023
Tuskegee Airmen by Alan L. Gropman
Air & Space Forces Magazine 1 March 1996
When the Color Line Ended by Herman S. Wolk
Air & Space Forces Magazine 1 July 1998
Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948 by Farrell Evans
History Channel 5 November 2020

Relevant AUL Journals & Magazines

Air and Space Power History*
Also available in print at AUL from 1954 - Present
Air Force Magazine*
Print 1918 - present
Air Force Times
Print January 1948 - present
Black History Bulletin
Also available in print at AUL October 1958 - December 1993
Ebony
Also available in print at AUL November 1960 - February 2010
Journal of African American History
Also available in print at AUL January 1916 - Winter 2011
MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
Print Autumn 1988 - present

* Title varies with older issues

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